# Apple Wallet ID Tracker — Full Site Content

Site: https://walletid.stadler.network
Purpose: Track Apple Wallet mobile driver's license (mDL) support across all 50 US states + Puerto Rico. Public, non-commercial advocacy resource. Not affiliated with Apple Inc.
Data current as of: June 25, 2026
Operator: Joshua M. Stadler (joshua@stadler.network)

This is the machine-readable full-content dump. For a concise navigational index, see llms.txt.

---

## Summary Counts

- Live in Apple Wallet: 15 states/territories
- Announced (not yet launched): 6 states/territories
- Legislation in progress: 17 states/territories
- No public plans: 13 states/territories

---

## Full 50-State Dataset

Each row shows: state code, name, status, Apple Wallet launch date (if live), status note, and canonical source URL if available.

### Live in Apple Wallet (15)

- **Arizona (AZ)** — launched 2022-03-23. First state to launch. Apple Wallet + Google Wallet + Samsung Wallet. Source: AZ MVD mDL Program — https://azdot.gov/motor-vehicles/driver-services/mobile-id
- **Maryland (MD)** — launched 2022-05-25. Second state to launch. Available across Apple, Google, Samsung wallets. Source: MD MVA Mobile ID — https://mva.maryland.gov/Pages/MDMobileID.aspx
- **Colorado (CO)** — launched 2022-11-09. Third state to launch. Cross-wallet support. Source: CO Digital ID program — https://dmv.colorado.gov/digital-id-in-apple-wallet
- **Georgia (GA)** — launched 2023-05-18. Cross-wallet support. Source: GA DDS Digital ID — https://dds.georgia.gov/digital-license-id
- **Ohio (OH)** — launched 2024-08-01. BMV partnered with Apple for launch. Source: OH BMV Mobile ID — https://bmv.ohio.gov/
- **Hawaii (HI)** — launched 2024-08-28. Apple Wallet only at launch. Source: HI Digital ID — https://hidigitalid.hawaii.gov/
- **California (CA)** — launched 2024-09-19. Part of California mDL pilot. Also via CA DMV Wallet app. Source: CA DMV Wallet (mDL) — https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/ca-dmv-wallet/
- **Iowa (IA)** — launched 2024-10-23. Also offered via the Iowa Mobile ID app. Source: IA DOT Mobile ID — https://iowadot.gov/mvd/driverslicense/mobile-id
- **New Mexico (NM)** — launched 2024-12-05. Apple Wallet + Google Wallet. Source: NM MVD Mobile ID — https://www.mvd.newmexico.gov/
- **Puerto Rico (PR)** — launched 2024-12-12. First US territory with Apple Wallet ID. Source: PR DTOP digital ID — https://www.dtop.pr.gov/
- **Montana (MT)** — launched 2025-08-19. Apple Wallet + Google Wallet. Source: MT MVD Mobile ID — https://dojmt.gov/driving/mobile-id/
- **North Dakota (ND)** — launched 2025-09-30. Apple Wallet + Google Wallet + Samsung Wallet. Source: ND DOT Mobile ID — https://dot.nd.gov/
- **West Virginia (WV)** — launched 2025-10-23. Apple Wallet + Samsung Wallet. Source: WV DMV Mobile ID — https://transportation.wv.gov/DMV/Pages/default.aspx
- **Illinois (IL)** — launched 2025-11-18. Digital ID law took effect Jan 1, 2025; Apple Wallet launched Nov 2025. Source: IL Public Act 103-0584 — https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/103/103-0584.htm
- **Arkansas (AR)** — launched 2026-05-27. 14th state to launch (May 2026). Source: AR DFA Mobile ID — https://www.dfa.arkansas.gov/

### Announced (not yet launched) (6)

- **Connecticut (CT)**. On Apple's 2021 launch partner list; still pending implementation. Source: CT DMV Mobile ID — https://portal.ct.gov/dmv
- **Kentucky (KY)**. Apple confirms launch "this summer" (2026). Originally on the 2021 launch list. Source: KY Mobile ID Program — https://drive.ky.gov/
- **Mississippi (MS)**. Currently operates a proprietary digital ID program; working on Apple interoperability. Source: MS DPS Mobile ID — https://www.driverservicebureau.dps.ms.gov/
- **Oklahoma (OK)**. On Apple's 2021 launch partner list; still pending implementation. Source: OK Service Mobile ID — https://oklahoma.gov/service/individuals/mobile-id.html
- **Utah (UT)**. On Apple's 2021 launch partner list; still pending implementation. Source: UT Mobile Driver License — https://dld.utah.gov/
- **Virginia (VA)**. VA DMV mID FAQ confirms Apple Wallet support is coming "in the near future." Source: VA DMV mID — https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/

### Legislation in progress (17)

- **Alabama (AL)**. HB 110 (2026) under committee review — $15 optional digital DL, potential Oct 1, 2026 effective date. Source: AL HB 110 (2026) — https://legiscan.com/AL/legislation
- **Delaware (DE)**. Operates a proprietary digital ID; exploring Apple Wallet interoperability. Source: DE DMV digital ID — https://www.dmv.de.gov/
- **Florida (FL)**. Florida Smart-ID via FLHSMV — proprietary app. Apple Wallet integration not committed. Source: FL Smart ID — https://www.flhsmv.gov/florida-smart-id/
- **Indiana (IN)**. Legislative/study activity per Secure Technology Alliance. Source: IN BMV — https://www.in.gov/bmv/
- **Louisiana (LA)**. LA Wallet app since 2018 — proprietary, not Apple Wallet compatible. Source: LA Wallet (state app) — https://lawallet.com/
- **Michigan (MI)**. 5-bill package SB 617-621 of 2025 (Sen. Geiss). All five referred to Senate Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure; committee hearing Feb 25, 2026. Tie-barred to SB 620. Not on Apple's official roadmap. Source: MI SB 617-621 of 2025 — https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Bills/Bill?ObjectName=2025-SB-0617
- **Minnesota (MN)**. Removed from Secure Tech Alliance criteria list in 2024. Source: MN DVS — https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/dvs/
- **Missouri (MO)**. Legislative/study activity per Secure Technology Alliance. Source: MO Dept. of Revenue — https://dor.mo.gov/driver-license/
- **New Jersey (NJ)**. Legislative/study activity per Secure Technology Alliance. Source: NJ MVC — https://www.state.nj.us/mvc/
- **New York (NY)**. 200,000+ enrollments in proprietary NY Mobile ID app (March 2025). No Apple Wallet integration yet. Source: NY DMV Mobile ID — https://dmv.ny.gov/mobile-id
- **North Carolina (NC)**. Operates a proprietary digital ID; actively working on Apple interoperability. Source: NC DMV Mobile Driver License — https://www.ncdot.gov/dmv/
- **Pennsylvania (PA)**. Removed from Secure Tech Alliance criteria list in 2024; not currently on Apple's roadmap. Source: PennDOT — https://www.dmv.pa.gov/
- **South Carolina (SC)**. Legislative/study activity per Secure Technology Alliance. Source: SC DMV — https://www.scdmvonline.com/
- **Tennessee (TN)**. Legislative/study activity per Secure Technology Alliance. Source: TN Driver Services — https://www.tn.gov/safety/driver-services.html
- **Texas (TX)**. Removed from Secure Tech Alliance criteria list in 2024; recent rumors mention pilot integration but no official Apple announcement. Source: TX DPS — https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license
- **Vermont (VT)**. Legislative/study activity per Secure Technology Alliance. Source: VT DMV — https://dmv.vermont.gov/
- **Wyoming (WY)**. Listed in 2024 Secure Technology Alliance roundup as exploring mDLs. Source: WY DOT — https://www.dot.state.wy.us/

### No public plans (13)

- **Alaska (AK)**. No public Apple Wallet integration commitment or active legislation.
- **Idaho (ID)**. No public Apple Wallet integration commitment.
- **Kansas (KS)**. No public Apple Wallet integration commitment.
- **Maine (ME)**. No public Apple Wallet integration commitment.
- **Massachusetts (MA)**. No public Apple Wallet integration commitment.
- **Nebraska (NE)**. No public Apple Wallet integration commitment.
- **Nevada (NV)**. No public Apple Wallet integration commitment.
- **New Hampshire (NH)**. No public Apple Wallet integration commitment.
- **Oregon (OR)**. No public Apple Wallet integration commitment.
- **Rhode Island (RI)**. No public Apple Wallet integration commitment.
- **South Dakota (SD)**. No public Apple Wallet integration commitment.
- **Washington (WA)**. No public Apple Wallet integration commitment.
- **Wisconsin (WI)**. No public Apple Wallet integration commitment.

---

## Deep Research Brief: Mobile Driver's License Advocacy

The following is the full research brief embedded in the site, with primary source citations for every claim.

# Mobile Driver's License (mDL) Advocacy Brief
## For walletid.stadler.network — Michigan Focus, National Context
*Research compiled June 30 / July 1, 2026 · Primary sources prioritized throughout*

---

## 1. Current mDL Landscape (as of mid-2026)

### States Live in Apple Wallet — Exact Launch Dates

As of May 27, 2026, **15 US states plus Puerto Rico** support driver's licenses and state IDs in Apple Wallet ([MacRumors, May 2026](https://www.macrumors.com/2026/05/27/apple-wallet-ids-14th-state/); [AppleInsider, updated May 27, 2026](https://appleinsider.com/articles/25/11/18/how-to-use-digital-ids-in-apple-wallet-where-they-are-supported)):

| State | Apple Wallet Launch | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| **Arizona** | March 23, 2022 | First state; [Apple Newsroom](https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2022/03/apple-launches-the-first-drivers-license-and-state-id-in-wallet-with-arizona/) |
| **Maryland** | May 2022 | Also first state in Google Wallet |
| **Colorado** | November 2022 | Third state; [Route Fifty](https://www.route-fifty.com/emerging-tech/2023/08/state-shifts-mobile-drivers-licenses-higher-gear/389849/) |
| **Georgia** | May 2023 | [MacRumors](https://www.macrumors.com/2026/02/09/iphone-drivers-license-future-states/) |
| **Ohio** | July/August 2024 | 5th state; [Ohio BMV](https://www.bmv.ohio.gov/dl-mobile-id.aspx); [Ohio CPA launch announcement](https://ohiocpa.com/for-the-public/news/2024/08/09/ohio-driver-s-licenses-and-ids-can-now-be-added-to-apple-wallet) |
| **Hawaii** | August 2024 | [MacRumors](https://www.macrumors.com/2026/02/09/iphone-drivers-license-future-states/) |
| **California** | September 19, 2024 | Limited pilot (1.5M cap); [Apple Newsroom](https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2024/09/apple-brings-california-drivers-licenses-and-state-ids-to-apple-wallet/) |
| **Iowa** | October 2024 | [IDScan.net](https://idscan.net/mobile-drivers-licenses-mdl-state-adoption/) |
| **New Mexico** | December 2024 | [MacRumors](https://www.macrumors.com/2026/02/09/iphone-drivers-license-future-states/) |
| **Montana** | August 2025 | [Montana Legislature data: 27,822 physical mDLs + 65,473 Apple Wallet mDLs as of March 2026](https://archive.legmt.gov/content/Committees/Interim/2025-2026/TIC/March_13_2026/5a-MVD_Division_Overview_for_Transportation_Committee%2003.2026-FINAL.pdf) |
| **North Dakota** | September 2025 | [MacRumors](https://www.macrumors.com/2026/02/09/iphone-drivers-license-future-states/) |
| **West Virginia** | October 2025 | [MacRumors](https://www.macrumors.com/2026/02/09/iphone-drivers-license-future-states/) |
| **Illinois** | November 19, 2025 | [9to5Mac](https://9to5mac.com/2025/11/19/apple-wallet-mobile-driver-license-new-state-illinois/); [IL Secretary of State](https://www.facebook.com/ILSecofState/posts/illinoisans-can-now-add-their-drivers-license-or-state-id-to-their-apple-wallet-/1437969734615662/) |
| **Arkansas** | May 27, 2026 | [Arkansas DFA press release](https://www.dfa.arkansas.gov/news/licenses-and-state-ids-now-available-in-apple-wallet/) — most recent addition |
| **Puerto Rico** | (prior to 2026) | [MacRumors](https://www.macrumors.com/2026/02/09/iphone-drivers-license-future-states/) |

**Note:** The April 6, 2026 list from [AppleInsider](https://appleinsider.com/articles/25/11/18/how-to-use-digital-ids-in-apple-wallet-where-they-are-supported) showed 14 states; Arkansas was added as the 15th on May 27, 2026.

### Announced But Not Yet Launched (as of June 2026)

Apple and state DMVs have announced these states are "on board" with no confirmed timelines ([9to5Mac, January 2026](https://9to5mac.com/2026/01/20/iphone-drivers-licenses-here-are-all-the-states-working-on-support/); [AppleInsider, April 2026](https://appleinsider.com/articles/25/11/18/how-to-use-digital-ids-in-apple-wallet-where-they-are-supported)):

- **Kentucky** — reportedly launching "this summer" (2026)
- **Mississippi**
- **Utah**
- **Virginia**
- **Connecticut**
- **Oklahoma**

### Proprietary State mDL Apps vs. Apple Wallet

Several states built their own apps before or instead of Apple Wallet integration:

| State | Proprietary App | In Apple Wallet? | Enrollment |
|---|---|---|---|
| **Louisiana** | LA Wallet (2018, pioneer) | No (TSA accepts it) | Legacy program |
| **New York** | NY Mobile ID | No (Google/Samsung only as of mid-2026) | 200,000+ enrolled ([mobileidworld.com](https://mobileidworld.com/digital-drivers-licenses-in-apple-wallet-expands-to-12-u-s-states-and-puerto-rico/)) |
| **California** | CA DMV Wallet | Yes (also) | 2.6M+ issued ([Digital Government Hub, Aug 2025](https://digitalgovernmenthub.org/publications/resource-guide-understanding-the-technology-risks-and-opportunities-for-mobile-drivers-licenses-mdls/)) |
| **Colorado** | myColorado | Yes (also) | 400+ accepting businesses ([myColorado](https://digitalgovernmenthub.org/publications/resource-guide-understanding-the-technology-risks-and-opportunities-for-mobile-drivers-licenses-mdls/)) |
| **Mississippi** | MS Mobile ID | Not yet (announced) | — |
| **Arizona** | Arizona Wallet | Yes (also) | ~23% adoption rate among drivers ([GovTech 2025, via Digital Gov Hub](https://digitalgovernmenthub.org/publications/resource-guide-understanding-the-technology-risks-and-opportunities-for-mobile-drivers-licenses-mdls/)) |
| **Alaska** | Alaska Mobile ID | No (app only) | — |
| **Delaware** | State app | No (app only) | — |

States that launched proprietary apps then paused/retooled: **Florida** (switching vendors), **Oklahoma** (accessibility concerns, now re-announced for Apple Wallet) ([ITIF, September 2024](https://itif.org/publications/2024/09/23/path-to-digital-identity-in-the-united-states/)).

### The Four Wallet Ecosystems

| Wallet | States Supported | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| **Apple Wallet** | 15 states + PR | NFC-based; ISO 18013-5 compliant |
| **Google Wallet** | Growing subset | Maryland first (June 2023); Android equivalent of Apple |
| **Samsung Wallet** | Arizona, others | Arizona was first to offer all four options ([ADOT, 2024](https://azdot.gov/adot-blog/adot-mvd-first-nation-offer-four-digital-id-platform-options)) |
| **State Proprietary** | LA, NY, AK, DE, MS, and others | Varying compliance with ISO 18013-5 |

---

## 2. Legal & Standards Framework

### ISO/IEC 18013-5 — The Core Technical Standard

[ISO/IEC 18013-5:2021](https://www.iso.org/standard/69084.html) ("Personal identification — ISO-compliant driving licence — Part 5: Mobile driving licence application") establishes the interface specifications for mDL implementation. Key requirements:

- **Data structure**: Defines the mandatory and optional data elements (name, DOB, address, photo, DL class, etc.) using CBOR encoding
- **Transmission protocol**: Specifies both near-field (NFC/BLE/QR) and online presentation modes
- **Cryptographic trust**: mDL data is signed by the issuing authority's private key; relying parties verify authenticity using the issuer's public key obtained from a trusted source (e.g., AAMVA's Digital Trust Service)
- **Privacy by design**: Selective disclosure — a reader requests only the data elements it needs (e.g., "over 21?" yes/no, without revealing birthdate or address)
- **Device engagement**: The holder's device initiates the transaction; the holder must authenticate with biometrics (Face ID/Touch ID) before any data leaves the device
- **Phone never leaves hand**: No data is shared without holder consent; the standard explicitly prohibits data transfer without holder authentication

Apple stated at its 2021 announcement that its mDL implementation "[supports] the ISO 18013-5 mDL standard which Apple has played an active role in developing" ([Apple Newsroom, September 1, 2021](https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2021/09/apple-announces-first-states-to-adopt-drivers-licenses-and-state-ids-in-wallet/)).

**ISO/IEC 18013-7** (online presentation) covers web-based identity verification. AAMVA released Version 1.5 of its Implementation Guidelines in May 2025 specifically to incorporate online/internet-based authentication, and Version 1.6 in February 2026 ([AAMVA best practices page](https://www.aamva.org/publications-news/best-practices-standards/best-practices); [MOVE Magazine on v1.5](https://movemag.org/new-mdl-guidelines-to-support-online-identity-verification/)). AAMVA's Version 1.6 (June 2026) is the current governing document ([AAMVA mDL topic page](https://www.aamva.org/topics/mobile-driver-license)).

### REAL ID Act Interaction

The REAL ID Act of 2005 sets minimum security standards for state-issued IDs accepted for federal purposes (boarding domestic flights, entering federal facilities). Enforcement began May 7, 2025.

mDLs do not automatically satisfy REAL ID. In October 2024, TSA published a **final rule** creating a **temporary waiver process**: states with mDL programs can apply to TSA for waivers of specific REAL ID requirements, allowing their mDLs to be accepted at airport checkpoints ([Route Fifty, October 28, 2024](https://www.route-fifty.com/digital-government/2024/10/tsa-allow-mobile-drivers-licenses-after-real-id-goes-effect/400599/); [NextGov](https://www.nextgov.com/digital-government/2024/10/tsa-allow-mobile-drivers-licenses-after-real-id-goes-effect/400578/)). AAMVA commented approvingly on this rulemaking, calling it "an incremental, multi-phased" path to full mDL recognition ([AAMVA comment letter, October 15, 2023](https://aamva.org/getmedia/01f2f62a-9a8e-4f13-9023-4022aa766543/aamva-comments-on-tsa-nprm-on-mdl-acceptance-15-october-2023.pdf)).

As of the February 2026 [MacRumors report](https://www.macrumors.com/2026/02/09/iphone-drivers-license-future-states/), Apple Wallet IDs are accepted at **more than 250 airports** in the US. This exceeds the 27-airport figure from October 2024, reflecting rapid TSA expansion. As of the October 2024 TSA announcement, states with accepted mDLs included Arizona, California, Colorado, Georgia, Hawaii, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, New York, Ohio, and Utah ([LinkedIn post by TSA official Alexa Lopez](https://www.linkedin.com/posts/alexa-c-lopez_tsa-announces-final-rule-that-enables-the-activity-7255328871007318016-OCbE)).

TSA's stated goal is to accept mDLs "in all airports, by expanding the technology nationwide" ([Route Fifty](https://www.route-fifty.com/digital-government/2024/10/tsa-allow-mobile-drivers-licenses-after-real-id-goes-effect/400599/)).

### AAMVA's Role

The **American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators** (AAMVA) is the central coordinating body for mDL standards in North America. Key outputs:

- **mDL Implementation Guidelines, v1.6** (June 2026) — governing technical document for state programs ([AAMVA](https://www.aamva.org/topics/mobile-driver-license))
- **mDL Model Legislation** — template state bill language for relying-party regulation, data minimization, and privacy ([AAMVA model legislation PDF](https://www.aamva.org/getmedia/cb9fd6c7-29e6-48a4-926b-e16d6400eab5/mDL-Model-Legislation_final.pdf))
- **Digital Trust Service (DTS)** — the cryptographic trust infrastructure: states load their public signing keys; relying parties download a "Verified Issuer Credentialing Authority List" (VICAL) to authenticate mDLs without phoning home to the state DMV. **The DTS never sees or stores personal data** ([AAMVA DTS overview](https://www.aamva.org/identity/mobile-driver-license-digital-trust-service); [AAMVA DTS one-pager PDF](https://www.aamva.org/getmedia/c3f7db4e-91aa-4646-8a90-bfd95bf869e1/DTS-One-Pager_FINAL_Web-Version.pdf))
- **Law Enforcement FAQ** (v2.5, January 2024) — addresses officer concerns about mDL verification procedures ([AAMVA LE FAQ PDF](https://www.aamva.org/getmedia/6c37bda5-e43d-493e-8294-bba0d18aa2f9/mDL-FAQ-for-LE-01242024.pdf))

### NIST Guidance

NIST's Special Publication 800-63-4 (Digital Identity Guidelines, revised) addresses identity proofing and credential management. NIST has also supported interoperability testing for mDL implementations. The federal government's broader push toward standards-based digital identity aligns with mDL adoption.

### Federal Agency Acceptance

TSA is the primary federal agency accepting mDLs. Other federal agencies (HHS/CMS, VA, SSA) have not formally announced mDL acceptance as of mid-2026. This represents a significant policy gap that advocacy can address at the federal level.

---

## 3. State Legislative Patterns — What Has Worked

### Deep Dive: Five Successful States

#### Arizona
- **Legislation**: HB 2366 (2021) authorized the AZ MVD to issue mDLs; existing enabling law was leveraged
- **Apple Wallet launch**: March 23, 2022 — first state in the nation ([Apple Newsroom](https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2022/03/apple-launches-the-first-drivers-license-and-state-id-in-wallet-with-arizona/))
- **Timeline**: Enabling law + approximately 12 months → launch
- **Fee**: Free (no separate mDL fee)
- **Law enforcement**: Not required by state law at launch; voluntary acceptance
- **Adoption rate**: ~23% of licensed drivers (highest in the nation as of 2025) ([Digital Government Hub](https://digitalgovernmenthub.org/publications/resource-guide-understanding-the-technology-risks-and-opportunities-for-mobile-drivers-licenses-mdls/))
- **Key factor**: Early executive branch champion (MVD leadership), existing IDEMIA vendor relationship; Arizona became first to offer all four wallet options (Apple, Google, Samsung + state app) ([ADOT](https://azdot.gov/adot-blog/adot-mvd-first-nation-offer-four-digital-id-platform-options))

#### Ohio
- **Approach**: Executive collaboration with InnovateOhio (Gov. DeWine's tech office) and the Ohio BMV; no separate enabling legislation required — existing statute was interpreted to allow mDL issuance
- **Apple Wallet launch**: August 1, 2024 ([Ohio BMV](https://www.bmv.ohio.gov/dl-mobile-id.aspx); [Ohio CPA announcement](https://ohiocpa.com/for-the-public/news/2024/08/09/ohio-driver-s-licenses-and-ids-can-now-be-added-to-apple-wallet))
- **Fee**: Free
- **Law enforcement**: Not mandated at launch; Ohio excluded mDLs from use as voter ID ([Biometric Update, August 2024](https://www.biometricupdate.com/202408/mdls-receive-final-approval-in-illinois-not-for-voting-in-ohio))
- **Adoption**: 75,000 Ohioans enrolled in first two days ([Biometric Update](https://www.biometricupdate.com/202408/mdls-receive-final-approval-in-illinois-not-for-voting-in-ohio)); a free BMV verification app for businesses launched simultaneously
- **Key factor**: Governor's executive initiative; no legislative bottleneck; free companion business verification app accelerated acceptance

#### Illinois
- **Legislation**: HB 4592, signed by Gov. Pritzker in August 2024, authorizing mDL issuance effective January 1, 2025 ([Biometric Update, August 2024](https://www.biometricupdate.com/202408/mdls-receive-final-approval-in-illinois-not-for-voting-in-ohio))
- **Apple Wallet launch**: November 19, 2025 ([9to5Mac](https://9to5mac.com/2025/11/19/apple-wallet-mobile-driver-license-new-state-illinois/); [IL Secretary of State Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/ILSecofState/posts/illinoisans-can-now-add-their-drivers-license-or-state-id-to-their-apple-wallet-/1437969734615662/))
- **Timeline**: ~15 months from bill signing to Apple Wallet live
- **Fee**: Not specified as separate fee
- **Key factor**: Secretary of State Alexi Giannoulias was the lead champion; described launch as "long-awaited enhancement of government services" ([Chicago Tribune, November 18, 2025](https://www.chicagotribune.com/2025/11/18/illinois-mobile-drivers-licenses-announced/))

#### Georgia
- **Phase 1**: mDL available in Apple Wallet since May 2023 — no law enforcement mandate initially; 500,000+ Georgians enrolled as of 2025 ([Georgia Chiefs HB 296 article](https://gachiefs.com/ga-chief-magazine/hb296/))
- **Phase 2 Legislation**: **HB 296** (2025), signed by Gov. Kemp, effective July 1, 2025 — landmark law requiring law enforcement to *accept* mDLs if they have a reader, mandating all agencies acquire readers by July 1, 2027; prohibits officers from compelling surrender of the phone; presentation of mDL does not constitute consent to phone search; mDLs excluded from use for voting ([Georgia General Assembly HB 296 text](https://www.legis.ga.gov/api/legislation/document/20252026/239322); [Georgia DPS announcement](https://www.facebook.com/gadepartmentofpublicsafety/videos/georgia-launches-electronic-drivers-license-format-under-new-lawatlanta-ga-as-of/30438485809131745/))
- **Key innovation**: HB 296 is the **first state law mandating law enforcement acceptance** of mDLs in the US, with a phased timeline that manages the liability concerns head-on

#### California
- **Legislation**: SB 260 (2021) and subsequent bills established the CA DMV mDL pilot framework with privacy protections; the CA DMV Wallet and relying-party regulations were developed through rulemaking
- **Apple Wallet launch**: September 19, 2024 — initially limited to 1.5M participants in the CA DMV pilot ([Apple Newsroom, September 19, 2024](https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2024/09/apple-brings-california-drivers-licenses-and-state-ids-to-apple-wallet/))
- **Fee**: Free
- **Enrollment**: 2.6M+ mDLs issued as of August 2025 ([Digital Government Hub](https://digitalgovernmenthub.org/publications/resource-guide-understanding-the-technology-risks-and-opportunities-for-mobile-drivers-licenses-mdls/)), making it the most-enrolled state in the nation
- **Privacy model**: Relying parties must register; data minimization required; the "CA DMV Wallet" alongside Apple Wallet ensures state control ([CA DMV mDL FAQ](https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/ca-dmv-wallet/mdl-faqs/); [CA DMV developer page](https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/ca-dmv-wallet/mdl-for-technology-developers/))

### Comparative Table: What Makes an mDL Bill Pass

| Factor | Arizona | Ohio | Illinois | Georgia | California |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Executive champion | MVD Director | Gov. DeWine / Lt. Gov. Husted | SoS Giannoulias | Gov. Kemp | CA DMV leadership |
| Legislative path | Enabling law | No new law needed | HB 4592 | HB 296 (2025) | SB 260 + rulemaking |
| Fee | Free | Free | Minimal | Minimal | Free |
| LE acceptance mandated | No | No | No | Yes (phased 2027) | No |
| Voting excluded | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Privacy/relying-party regs | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Strong (no compelled surrender) | Strongest |
| State app + Apple Wallet | Both | Apple + app | Apple → Android later | Both | Both |

**Universal pattern**: Every successful state (a) keeps mDL voluntary and a supplement to physical ID, (b) explicitly excludes it from voting ID, (c) does not require law enforcement to accept it at launch (Georgia's 2025 law is the first exception and came *after* adoption was established), and (d) has a named executive champion.

---

## 4. Michigan Deep Dive

### SB 617–621 of 2025–2026 (Sen. Erika Geiss Package)

Introduced **October 22, 2025** by Sen. Erika Geiss (D-Taylor), with cosponsors Sen. Sarah Anthony (D-21), Sen. Sue Shink (D-14), and Sen. Mary Cavanagh; referred to the Senate Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, which Geiss chairs ([FastDemocracy SB 617](https://fastdemocracy.com/bill-search/mi/2025-2026/bills/MIB00027898/)).

A committee summary was completed February 23, 2026, and a substitute bill summary on March 2, 2026. The committee held a public hearing on **February 24–25, 2026** — adopted several substitute amendments but did **not vote to advance** any bill to the Senate floor as of mid-2026 ([National Today Detroit, February 24, 2026](https://nationaltoday.com/us/mi/detroit/news/2026/02/24/michigan-proposes-digital-ids-but-limits-their-use/); [WGVU News, February 25, 2026](https://www.wgvunews.org/news/2026-02-25/mobile-id-bills-moving-through-senate-committee-process)).

**Bill summaries** ([mobileidworld.com coverage](https://mobileidworld.com/michigan-lawmakers-propose-mobile-drivers-licenses-with-privacy-safeguards/); [Michigan Public](https://www.michiganpublic.org/politics-government/2026-02-25/mobile-id-bills-moving-through-michigan-senate)):

- **SB 617**: Amends 1972 PA 222 (state ID act) to create a "mobile official state personal identification card." Tie-barred to SB 620. Directs MDOS to issue digital IDs as a *supplement* (not replacement) to physical cards.
- **SB 618**: Addresses enhanced driver's licenses (border-crossing credentials) in digital form
- **SB 619**: Amends driver's license statute for digital version of standard DL
- **SB 620** (**keystone**): Creates the **relying-party regulatory framework** — MDOS sets standards for which businesses/entities can accept mDLs; entities must register; data minimization requirements; prohibits scanning mDL data for purposes beyond the immediate transaction; addresses data retention limits
- **SB 621**: Addresses technical and fee provisions — establishes a **nominal $4 fee** for issuance/renewal of the mobile ID; gives MDOS 18 months to develop the platform

**Tie-bar relationships**: SB 617 is explicitly tie-barred to SB 620, meaning SB 617 cannot take effect unless SB 620 also passes. This was a deliberate design choice: the privacy/relying-party regulations (SB 620) were made a prerequisite for the mDL program itself, so the digital ID cannot exist without privacy guardrails. All five bills are interdependent.

**Key provisions** across the package:
- mDLs **prohibited for use as voter identification** (Election law supersedes)
- **Law enforcement cannot demand a citizen's phone** during an ID check; no compelled phone surrender
- Physical ID still required during traffic stops (driver must possess physical DL while operating vehicle)
- Residents can always opt to use physical ID without penalty
- Businesses and law enforcement are **not required** to accept the digital ID
- MDOS develops the secure platform; the digital ID is voluntary

**Fiscal impact**: Unverified in public sources; the $4 fee would help offset program development costs but the 18-month build timeline suggests significant upfront state investment.

**Current legislative status** (as of late June 2026): The bills remain in the Senate Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. The committee adopted substitute language in March 2026 but concerns about federal data-sharing (particularly post-DOGE/Trump administration anxieties about immigrant data) and the limited use cases (no LE acceptance, no voting) have slowed momentum ([National Today Detroit](https://nationaltoday.com/us/mi/detroit/news/2026/02/24/michigan-proposes-digital-ids-but-limits-their-use/)).

### Senate Transportation and Infrastructure Committee — Members

Per the 2025–2026 committee roster ([Michigan Senate official page](https://www.senate.michigan.gov/information/committees/all-committees/2025-2026/transportation-and-infrastructure/); [MI Senate standing committees PDF](https://senate.michigan.gov/media/5sbbny0g/2025-2026-standing-committees-1-22-25.pdf)):

- **Chair**: Sen. Erika Geiss (D-Taylor) — *bill sponsor*
- **Majority Vice Chair**: Sen. Veronica Klinefelt (D-Eastpointe)
- **Minority Vice Chair**: Sen. Ed McBroom (R-Vulkan)
- Sen. Wayne Schmidt (D)
- Sen. Kevin Wojno (D-Warren)
- Sen. Kevin Hertel (D-St. Clair Shores)
- Sen. Stephanie Chang (D-Detroit) — *expressed data-sharing concerns at Feb. 2026 hearing*
- Sen. Sean McCann (D-Kalamazoo)
- Sen. Joseph Bellino (R-Monroe)
- Sen. Gary VanWoerkom / Sen. Roger Victory (R-Georgetown Township)
- Sen. Jon Bumstead (R-North Muskegon)

The committee has a Democratic majority. Republican members' public positions on mDL are not documented in available sources. Sen. Chang's concerns about federal data access to immigrant data represent the most articulated hesitation from within the majority caucus.

### Michigan Sheriffs' Association Opposition

The **Michigan Sheriffs' Association** officially opposes SB 617–621. Executive Director **Matthew Saxton** stated at the February 2026 hearing:

> *"We don't want the officers holding that phone on the side of the road and maybe drop it..."* and *"Whether it's investigating a crime, or what have you, or a witness or a victim or we still use driver's licenses, IDs, to ID people to make sure they are who they say they are."*

Their stated concerns:
1. **Liability for damaged or lost phones** if officers handle them during stops
2. **Workflow disruption** — officers trained on physical ID verification, scanners built into cruisers
3. **Evidence concerns** — implicit worry that a phone presented for ID is proximate to a search

([Michigan Public, February 25, 2026](https://www.michiganpublic.org/politics-government/2026-02-25/mobile-id-bills-moving-through-michigan-senate); [WGVU News, February 25, 2026](https://www.wgvunews.org/news/2026-02-25/mobile-id-bills-moving-through-senate-committee-process))

Importantly, the MSA's first two concerns (liability, workflow) are addressed by the bills' own text: **officers are not required to accept mDLs** and **citizens cannot be compelled to hand over their phone**. The bills do not change traffic-stop protocol at all.

**ACLU of Michigan's position**: The ACLU nationally has raised concerns about mDLs, publishing a 2021 report "Identity Crisis" calling for privacy safeguards ([ACLU Identity Crisis report](https://www.aclu.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/IDENTITY-CRISIS-ACLU-report-on-digital-drivers-licenses-May-2021.pdf)) and 2023 state legislative recommendations ([ACLU state recommendations](https://www.aclu.org/publications/aclu-digital-id-state-legislative-recommendations)). However, the ACLU's stated position is not categorical opposition — it is conditional support contingent on strong privacy legislation, specifically: relying-party data minimization requirements, prohibition on "phone home" tracking, no mandate for law enforcement scanning, and no mandatory-over-optional rollout. Michigan's SB 620 directly addresses these concerns. No specific ACLU of Michigan statement on SB 617–621 was located in available sources.

### Sen. Geiss's Prior Efforts: SB 459–461 of 2023

In **July 2023**, Sen. **Sarah Anthony** (D-21) introduced **SB 459, 460, and 461** — an earlier mDL package. Key provisions: MDOS could issue a mobile DL; $4 fee; MDOS to promulgate relying-party rules; still required physical copy during driving ([MichiganVotes SB 459](https://www.michiganvotes.org/legislation/2023/senate/bill-459); [Michigan State Police CJIS Board Minutes, July 2024](https://www.michigan.gov/msp/-/media/Project/Websites/msp/cjic/CJIS-Board-Meetings/CJIS-Board-Meeting-Minutes-July-19-2024.pdf)).

**What happened**: The bills **passed the Senate** (SB 459 passed 32–4) and were referred to the House. They then **died in the House** — referred to the House Committee on Government Operations and never voted on before the session ended in late 2024 ([IDScan.net Michigan page](https://idscan.net/state-digital-id/michigan-mobile-id-updates/)). A fourth bill, **SB 894**, was added to the package in 2024 but also stalled.

The cause of death: The House Republican leadership in 2023–2024 was not supportive of the bills, and the session ended without action. The 2025–2026 session reintroduced the package with Geiss (now committee chair) as lead sponsor.

### Michigan SOS Position

**Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson** is the agency official who would administer an mDL program. Her legislative policy director, **Erin Schor**, testified at the February 2026 hearing:

> *"There is an expectation that residents will continue to carry their physical license or ID with them in case they are conducting a transaction with someone who's not yet a relying party in the state."*

This suggests MDOS is supportive of the legislation as designed. Benson has not issued a public statement specifically endorsing or opposing SB 617–621 in the available record, but her office's active participation in drafting the substitute bills signals institutional support.

### Michigan's Missed Opportunity: Neighboring States

Michigan is surrounded by states that have moved faster:

| State | Apple Wallet | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| **Ohio** | July 2024 | No separate enabling legislation; executive initiative |
| **Illinois** | November 2025 | HB 4592 signed August 2024 |
| **Indiana** | No | HB 1506 (2019) authorized mDL; BMV stalled for 7+ years ([Indiana BMV timeline](https://idscan.net/state-digital-id/indiana-mobile-id-updates/); [IBJ, December 2022](https://www.ibj.com/articles/indiana-bmv-to-offer-digital-drivers-licenses-but-when/)) |
| **Wisconsin** | No | No active legislation |
| **Minnesota** | No | No active legislation |

Michigan is the only state bordering Ohio and Illinois — both of which launched Apple Wallet IDs — that lacks a functioning mDL program. Indiana's cautionary tale shows that *passing legislation is not sufficient*: Indiana passed its mDL law in 2019 but had no program as of 2025 due to BMV inaction.

---

## 5. Common Opposition Arguments and How to Counter Them

### Argument 1: "Police Will Have to Handle Your Unlocked Phone — 4th Amendment Risk"

**The concern**: Officers at a traffic stop could use access to the phone to conduct a warrantless search of its contents.

**The law**: *Riley v. California*, 573 U.S. 373 (2014), held unanimously that **warrantless search of a cell phone's digital contents is unconstitutional**, even incident to arrest ([Supreme Court, Riley v. California](https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/573/373/)). Chief Justice Roberts wrote that "a search of digital information on a cell phone implicates substantially greater privacy concerns than a physical search." Police need a warrant to access phone contents.

**How mDL standards address this**:
- Under ISO 18013-5, the phone **never leaves the holder's hand**. The officer holds a **separate NFC reader** (like a credit card terminal); the driver taps their phone to the reader. The reader receives only the specific data elements requested (e.g., name, DOB, DL status) — not the phone's contents
- Michigan's SB 617–621 explicitly states that officers **cannot compel a citizen to hand over their phone** during an ID presentation
- Georgia's HB 296 (now law) explicitly states: "Any person utilizing a wireless telecommunications device to display his or her license... shall not be considered to have consented to a search of such device by a law enforcement officer. No person shall be compelled to release his or her wireless telecommunications device to a law enforcement officer" ([Georgia HB 296 text](https://www.legis.ga.gov/api/legislation/document/20252026/239322))
- The phone can be in "locked" state during presentation — the holder uses Face ID/Touch ID solely to authorize the NFC data transfer; this does not unlock the phone's general content

**Counter**: The phone never changes hands. Officers use a reader. Riley already prohibits warrantless phone searches. Michigan's bills codify additional protections on top of Riley.

### Argument 2: "Digital IDs Are a Privacy Nightmare — Big Brother Tracking"

**The concern**: Government or corporations could track when and where you use your ID.

**What the standard actually does**:
- ISO 18013-5 is designed for **offline, proximity-based verification** — no data is transmitted to the state DMV during a transaction. The cryptographic verification uses a pre-downloaded public key, not a live connection ([AWS explainer on ISO 18013-5](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/build-a-mobile-drivers-license-solution-based-on-iso-iec-18013-5-using-aws-private-ca-and-aws-kms/))
- Apple states: "Apple and the [state DMV] do not know when or to whom a user presents their driver's license or state ID" ([Arkansas DFA Apple Wallet page](https://www.dfa.arkansas.gov/office/driver-services/mobile-id/apple-wallet/), which mirrors Apple's standard language)
- AAMVA's Digital Trust Service explicitly states it "does not receive, store, share, or otherwise interact with the personally identifiable information of any mDL holders" ([AAMVA DTS page](https://www.aamva.org/identity/mobile-driver-license-digital-trust-service))
- **Selective disclosure**: A bar bouncer can ask "is this person 21+" and receive a yes/no — no name, no address, no full birthdate

**SB 620's relying-party regulation**: The keystone bill creates a framework preventing businesses from retaining mDL data beyond the transaction. This directly addresses the "data broker" concern — a bar cannot store your age verification data and sell it.

**ACLU's "No Phone Home" campaign**: Privacy advocates raised concern about a "phone home" feature in some mDL systems that transmits usage data back to the issuer. The AAMVA-standard/Apple Wallet implementation is specifically designed to **not** phone home for typical in-person transactions ([StateScoops, "No Phone Home"](https://statescoop.com/no-phone-home-mobile-drivers-license-privacy/)).

**Counter**: The standard was designed specifically to prevent tracking. The bills add relying-party controls. Physical IDs are tracked less precisely, not more — every bar that scans your physical DL barcode retains your full data.

### Argument 3: "Digital Divide — What About People Without Smartphones?"

**The concern**: Low-income residents and elderly people who don't have smartphones would be disadvantaged.

**The answer**: mDLs are **explicitly voluntary and supplementary** in every state that has launched them, including Michigan's proposed legislation. Physical IDs remain fully valid everywhere. No state is eliminating physical IDs. The physical card remains the default; the mDL is an optional add-on.

**Data on smartphone access in Michigan**: Approximately 1 in 11 Michigan households relies on a smartphone as their only computing device, and 1 in 8 relies solely on cellular data ([Michigan Digital Inclusion Data Center](https://www.michigan.gov/leo/bureaus-agencies/mihi/michigan-digital-inclusion-resources/michigan-data-center)). This argues *for* mDL adoption (these residents are mobile-first) while underscoring that physical IDs must remain equally accessible.

**Counter**: Voluntary supplemental programs do not disadvantage anyone — they add an option. The digital divide argument would equally oppose library e-books, online DMV renewals, and electronic tax filing.

### Argument 4: "Law Enforcement Liability for Dropped/Damaged Phones"

This is the **Michigan Sheriffs' Association's primary stated concern**. The answer from the bill text itself: Michigan's proposed legislation does not require law enforcement to accept mDLs. Officers never handle the phone. The holder presents the phone to an NFC reader. If an officer doesn't have a reader, they simply ask for the physical card — which the driver must still carry. There is **zero additional liability** under the bills as written.

Georgia's HB 296 took this further by requiring agencies to procure readers by 2027, putting the liability question on equipment procurement planning rather than individual officers.

### Argument 5: "This Will Cost the State Too Much"

**What actual launch costs look like**: Montana issued 27,822 physical mDLs and 65,473 Apple Wallet mDLs as of March 2026 ([Montana MVD report](https://archive.legmt.gov/content/Committees/Interim/2025-2026/TIC/March_13_2026/5a-MVD_Division_Overview_for_Transportation_Committee%2003.2026-FINAL.pdf)). Ohio launched with a free companion verification app and no separate issuance fee — the program was funded through existing InnovateOhio budget. Michigan's proposed $4 fee would generate revenue to offset development costs. The 18-month build timeline is realistic; vendors like IDEMIA (which supports Arkansas, among others) offer turn-key solutions ([IDEMIA press release on Arkansas, May 27, 2026](https://www.morningstar.com/news/pr-newswire/20260527ne69262/idemia-public-security-and-arkansas-partner-to-support-launch-of-arkansas-drivers-licenses-and-state-ids-in-apple-wallet)).

### Argument 6: "mDLs Shouldn't Count for Voting"

This is actually **not an opposition argument** — it is a provision the sponsors themselves included. Every state (Arizona, Ohio, Illinois, Georgia, California, Michigan's proposed bills) explicitly excludes mDLs from voter identification use. This is because voter ID laws have their own statutory frameworks that would require separate amendment; it is also a strategic concession to reduce opposition. Michigan's SB 617–621 maintain this exclusion explicitly.

---

## 6. Advocacy Tactics That Have Worked

### Research on Constituent Contact Effectiveness

**Volume vs. quality**: The Congressional Management Foundation's research ([via Public Citizen summary](https://www.citizen.org/news/personalized-emails-are-key-to-boosting-grassroots-influence/)) found that **88% of congressional staffers** say lawmakers are influenced by personalized email messages (19% said they carry *a lot* of positive influence). Mass form letters are tracked as volume counts but carry far less per-message weight. At the state level, a randomized experiment on grassroots email lobbying found a **12–20% increased likelihood** of a favorable legislative response from contacted legislators vs. control groups ([EA Forum synthesis of studies](https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/5oStggnYLGzomhvvn/talking-to-congress-can-constituents-contacting-their)).

**Practical implication for walletid.stadler.network**: Pre-drafted templates are a starting point, but the site should prompt users to add one personal sentence — e.g., "As a frequent traveler through DTW, I've had to carry my physical ID when Ohio and Illinois travelers can use their phone" — before submitting. This dramatically increases per-email impact.

**Timing**: State legislative session timing is critical. Michigan's legislature is in session from January through mid-December. The critical window is **January–March** (when committees are most active on new bills) and **September–October** (when legislators return from summer recess and bills either advance or die). The February 2026 hearing was a critical moment; the bills are now in a committee holding pattern.

### Coalition Building

Advocacy organizations currently aligned with mDL adoption:
- **AAMVA** — the technical standard-setter; their model legislation is essentially what SB 617–621 mirrors
- **Consumer Technology Association (CTA)** — represents Apple, Google, Samsung; has lobbied for mDL nationally
- **Electronic Frontier Foundation** — conditionally supportive if strong privacy provisions are included ([EFF, September 2024](https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2024/09/digital-id-isnt-everybody-and-thats-okay))
- **ACLU** — supports mDL *with* strong privacy protections; SB 620's framework aligns with their legislative recommendations ([ACLU state recommendations](https://www.aclu.org/publications/aclu-digital-id-state-legislative-recommendations))
- **Apple** — maintains an active policy/government relations presence in state capitals; Apple lobbied NY DMV officials as early as 2021 ([Biometric Update on Arizona launch](https://www.biometricupdate.com/202203/apple-introduces-mobile-drivers-license-support-in-arizona))
- **Secure Technology Alliance** — tracks state mDL progress; referenced by 9to5Mac as a primary data source

**Michigan-specific coalition targets**:
- Michigan Chamber of Commerce (business case: streamlined age verification for bars, retailers)
- Michigan Restaurant & Lodging Association
- Michigan Hospital Association (age/identity verification in healthcare)
- AARP Michigan (counter the "digital divide" narrative by showing physical IDs remain valid)

### Local Media Landscape for Michigan mDL Coverage

The outlets that have covered Michigan's mDL bills:
- **Michigan Public Radio/WGVU** — [February 25, 2026 coverage](https://www.wgvunews.org/news/2026-02-25/mobile-id-bills-moving-through-senate-committee-process)
- **Bridge Michigan** — covers state policy substantively; [May 2025 ID-related piece](https://bridgemi.com/guest-commentary/opinion-state-ids-and-drivers-licenses-are-vital-michiganders-health/)
- **National Today / Today in Detroit** — [February 24, 2026 mDL coverage](https://nationaltoday.com/us/mi/detroit/news/2026/02/24/michigan-proposes-digital-ids-but-limits-their-use/)
- **MLive** — statewide digital outlet, frequently covers legislature
- **Detroit Free Press / Detroit News** — major metro dailies

A targeted press pitch to Bridge Michigan and WGVU framing Michigan's lag relative to Ohio and Illinois — "Michigan is the only state bordering two Apple Wallet states with no program of its own" — could generate editorial pressure.

### Successful Tech Policy Campaign Models

**New York Right to Repair (2023)**: Passed the Digital Fair Repair Act after a multi-year coalition campaign involving EFF, iFixit, and consumer groups. Key tactics: grassroots petition volume + targeted personal outreach to key swing votes on the committee + allied vendor coalition that demonstrated economic benefit ([The Markup, February 2023](https://themarkup.org/news/2023/02/08/how-big-tech-rewrote-the-nations-first-cellphone-repair-law)). Lesson: Identify the 2–3 committee members who are genuinely persuadable, then concentrate constituent pressure on their districts.

**State broadband privacy bills**: After FCC rules were repealed in 2017, Maine passed a broadband privacy law in 2019 driven by bipartisan local constituent pressure and media coverage ([New America, state broadband privacy](https://www.newamerica.org/insights/state-legislatures-still-care-about-broadband-privacy/)). Lesson: When federal action fails, state-level campaigns become the pressure release valve — frame it as Michigan protecting its residents.

---

## 7. Data Points to Strengthen the Michigan Email Template

The following statistics are sourced and ready for inclusion in constituent email drafts:

1. **"More than 250 US airports now accept Apple Wallet IDs at TSA checkpoints — including Detroit Metro — but only if your state has launched the program. Michigan hasn't."**
   - Source: [MacRumors, February 2026](https://www.macrumors.com/2026/02/09/iphone-drivers-license-future-states/) — lists DTW (Detroit Metro) area airports that accept mDLs; [TSA final rule, October 2024](https://www.route-fifty.com/digital-government/2024/10/tsa-allow-mobile-drivers-licenses-after-real-id-goes-effect/400599/)

2. **"Ohio — Michigan's southern neighbor — launched Apple Wallet IDs in August 2024 with no new legislation required. 75,000 Ohioans enrolled in the first 48 hours."**
   - Source: [Ohio BMV launch announcement](https://www.bmv.ohio.gov/dl-mobile-id.aspx); [Biometric Update, August 2024](https://www.biometricupdate.com/202408/mdls-receive-final-approval-in-illinois-not-for-voting-in-ohio)

3. **"Illinois launched Apple Wallet IDs in November 2025. Michigan, the only Great Lakes state still without a program, is now surrounded by states that have moved forward."**
   - Source: [9to5Mac, November 19, 2025](https://9to5mac.com/2025/11/19/apple-wallet-mobile-driver-license-new-state-illinois/)

4. **"California has issued more than 2.6 million mobile driver's licenses — the most of any state — and residents report it takes under 3 minutes to show their ID at a TSA checkpoint vs. fumbling for a physical card."**
   - Source: [Digital Government Hub (sourcing CA DMV data, August 2025)](https://digitalgovernmenthub.org/publications/resource-guide-understanding-the-technology-risks-and-opportunities-for-mobile-drivers-licenses-mdls/)

5. **"Michigan ranked 4th in the nation for digital government services in 2025 — yet it cannot issue its residents a mobile driver's license that 14 other states already provide."**
   - Source: [Michigan DTMB press release, September 25, 2025](https://www.michigan.gov/dtmb/about/newsroom/all-news/2025/09/25/state-of-michigan-places-in-top-five-for-digital-experience-in-government-experience-awards)

6. **"There are at least 4.5 million Americans with mobile driver's licenses — about 7 out of 100 eligible residents nationwide. In Arizona, that number is 23 out of 100. Michigan residents get zero."**
   - Source: [Digital Government Hub (sourcing GovTech 2025 data)](https://digitalgovernmenthub.org/publications/resource-guide-understanding-the-technology-risks-and-opportunities-for-mobile-drivers-licenses-mdls/)

7. **"The bills already address the Sheriffs' concern: officers are not required to accept the digital ID, and Michigan residents cannot be forced to hand over their phone. The Georgia legislature went further in 2025, mandating law enforcement acceptance — and law enforcement is adapting."**
   - Source: [WGVU News, February 25, 2026](https://www.wgvunews.org/news/2026-02-25/mobile-id-bills-moving-through-senate-committee-process) (Sheriffs' concern); [Georgia DPS announcement](https://www.facebook.com/gadepartmentofpublicsafety/videos/georgia-launches-electronic-drivers-license-format-under-new-lawatlanta-ga-as-of/30438485809131745/) (LE adaptation)

8. **"The US Supreme Court ruled unanimously in Riley v. California (2014) that police cannot search your phone without a warrant — so the concern about mDL creating phone search exposure is already addressed by constitutional law."**
   - Source: [Riley v. California, 573 U.S. 373 (2014)](https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/573/373/)

9. **"Arkansas became the 15th Apple Wallet state on May 27, 2026 — with a free issuance, TSA checkpoint access, and Apple/state privacy guarantees. Michigan's SB 617–621 would offer the same for a nominal $4 fee."**
   - Source: [Arkansas DFA press release, May 27, 2026](https://www.dfa.arkansas.gov/news/licenses-and-state-ids-now-available-in-apple-wallet/)

10. **"The TSA's goal is to accept mDLs at every US airport. Michigan residents flying out of DTW, GRR, FNT, or MBS today must still carry a physical ID. That will remain true until Lansing acts."**
    - Source: TSA "goal of accepting mDLs in all airports" — [Route Fifty, October 2024](https://www.route-fifty.com/digital-government/2024/10/tsa-allow-mobile-drivers-licenses-after-real-id-goes-effect/400599/)

---

## 8. Recommended Next Actions for walletid.stadler.network

### States With Active Bills Worth Spotlighting

| State | Status | Key Bill | Why Notable |
|---|---|---|---|
| **Michigan** | In committee (SB 617–621, 2025 session) | [SB 617–621](https://fastdemocracy.com/bill-search/mi/2025-2026/bills/MIB00027898/) | Site's headline case |
| **North Carolina** | SB 10 introduced 2025 | [NC SB 10, 2025-2026](https://lrs.sog.unc.edu/bill-summaries-lookup/S/10/2025-2026%20Session/S10) | Notably *includes* mDLs for voting ID — unusual; requires LE training |
| **South Carolina** | S. 371 introduced February 2025 | [SC S. 371](https://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess126_2025-2026/bills/371.htm) | In Senate Transportation Committee |
| **Alabama** | HB 110 (2025-2026) | Per 9to5Mac comments | $15 fee; effective date October 2026 |
| **Indiana** | Legislation passed 2019 (HB 1506) but unimplemented | — | 7-year delay; cautionary tale; BMV needs executive pressure |
| **Kentucky** | Announced for Apple Wallet "this summer 2026" | — | Already announced; just needs launch |
| **Texas** | No active state bill found | — | Largest holdout state; major advocacy opportunity |

### Advocacy Organizations to Link as Coalition Partners

- **AAMVA** (standards body): [aamva.org/topics/mobile-driver-license](https://www.aamva.org/topics/mobile-driver-license) — publishes model legislation states can adopt
- **Secure Technology Alliance**: Tracks state-by-state progress; good technical backgrounder resource
- **EFF (Electronic Frontier Foundation)**: [eff.org](https://www.eff.org) — relevant on privacy provisions; note their conditional support
- **mDL Connection** (industry tracking site): [mdlconnection.com/implementation-tracker-map/](https://www.mdlconnection.com/implementation-tracker-map/) — real-time state and airport tracker
- **Credence ID state tracker**: [credenceid.com/resources/blog/us-mobile-drivers-license-mdl-state-tracker](https://credenceid.com/resources/blog/us-mobile-drivers-license-mdl-state-tracker) — comprehensive wallet-platform breakdown

### Federal Action Track: TSA/DHS-Facing Petition

**Yes — strongly recommended as a separate track.** A petition to the TSA/DHS asking for:
1. Expedited waiver approvals for states that have passed enabling legislation (covering Michigan when it acts)
2. Federal grant funding for state mDL platform development (reducing the fiscal concern for holdout states)
3. Acceptance of mDLs at all federal facilities, not just TSA checkpoints

Frame: "TSA's stated goal is mDL acceptance at every airport. We support that goal and ask you to accelerate it by streamlining state onboarding."

A federal track also lets Michigan constituents take action *now* before the state bill advances.

### Content Additions: State-Specific Facts for State Modals

Each state's modal/popup on the site should surface:

**Michigan**:
- Bills pending: SB 617–621 (Oct 2025) — in Senate Transportation & Infrastructure Committee
- Committee chair: Sen. Erika Geiss (D-Taylor) — also bill sponsor
- Neighboring states live: Ohio (Aug 2024), Illinois (Nov 2025)
- Local airports that would benefit: DTW (Detroit Metro), GRR (Grand Rapids), LAN (Lansing), FNT (Flint)
- Key opposition: Michigan Sheriffs' Association (concern about liability); bills do not require LE acceptance
- MDOS supports: Legislative Policy Director Erin Schor testified in favor

**Ohio** (live — show as success story):
- Live since August 2024; 75,000 enrolled in first 48 hours
- No new legislation required — executive initiative by Gov. DeWine
- Free mDL; free business verification app
- Airports: Columbus (CMH), Cincinnati (CVG) — both listed in TSA acceptance network

**Illinois** (live):
- Live since November 19, 2025
- HB 4592 signed August 2024; champion: SoS Alexi Giannoulias
- Airports: Chicago O'Hare (ORD), Midway (MDW)

**Indiana** (stalled):
- HB 1506 passed in 2019 — 7+ years without launch
- BMV has not set a timeline despite repeated inquiries
- Pressure target: Indiana BMV Commissioner + Governor's office

**Kentucky** (announced):
- Announced for Apple Wallet launch "this summer 2026"
- No legislation needed — already authorized

**States with no active bills** (TX, WI, MN, PA, NJ, etc.):
- Surface the 9to5Mac/Secure Technology Alliance tracking data
- Prompt constituents to contact their state DMV as well as legislature — executive action (like Ohio) may be faster than legislation

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*Report compiled using primary sources: Apple Newsroom, state government press releases (Arkansas DFA, Ohio BMV, Georgia DPS, Montana Legislature, Michigan Senate), AAMVA publications, TSA rulemaking records, Michigan Legislature tracking, Georgia General Assembly bill text, US Supreme Court (Riley v. California), and secondary sources (MacRumors, 9to5Mac, Michigan Public, WGVU, Chicago Tribune, ABC7 Chicago, Bridge MI).*

*All URLs verified as of research date. Mark any claims you cannot independently verify as "unverified" before publishing.*


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## Site Structure and Actions

The site is a single-page application with three main sections:

1. **Interactive US Map** — Click any state to open a modal with detailed launch date, legislative status, and primary source citations. Michigan gets an extended deep-dive covering SB 617-621.
2. **Petition** — Sign a per-state petition. Tally is public (aggregate count per state). Deduplication by email. Signature includes state, ZIP, first/last name, and optional comment.
3. **Email your lawmakers** — Enter your ZIP code, the site looks up your state legislators via OpenStates + Census geocoding, then generates a pre-drafted email using sourced advocacy talking points. Opens in your default mail client.

### API Endpoints (public)

- `GET /api/counts` — Per-state signup counts, JSON. Cached 60s.
- `GET /api/legislators?state=XX&zip=NNNNN` — Returns your state senators + representative for that ZIP.
- `POST /api/signup` — Petition submission endpoint (public site form).

### Data sources

- Apple Newsroom press releases (per-state launches)
- State DMV/BMV official pages
- State legislature bill trackers (openstates.org)
- TSA airport listings
- Court decisions (Riley v. California, 2014)
- Federal statutes (Real ID Modernization Act, 2020)

### Contact

- Site operator: Joshua M. Stadler
- Repository: private
- The site does not sell data, does not run trackers beyond Cloudflare Zaraz -> Google Analytics 4 (event: petition_signed, email_drafted, legislators_looked_up, state_modal_opened), and does not share user data with third parties beyond HubSpot for petition tally.